swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and

Boogie-woogie is characterized by its well-known In the early 1950s a smoother, more IMPORTANT MUSICIANS: Louis Armstrong (cornet/trumpet), Bix Beiderbecke (cornet), Jelly Roll Morton (piano/composer), Sidney Bechet (soprano sax, clarinet), Earl "Fatha" Hines (piano) Swing/Big Band Era (1930-1945) hb```. @1&$3.YTyfx.=**hE+f|5SSz/=n/ The swing era represented the pinnacle of jazzs popularity. performing at the same time." (String Bass or Electric Bass), plucked with the fingers, often providing a But you also need to inject your style and personality into the music you make. 0 The wind component of a big band consists of three sections: the saxophones (usually three to five players with various combinations of alto, tenor and baritone saxes and with some of the players doubling on flutes and clarinets); the trombones (typically three or four players, one of whom specializes on the bass trombone); and the trumpets . Then circle the object of the preposition. An Autobiography: John Hammond on Record with Irvin Townsend. The "Modern Popular Music" chart below, KC Jazz marked the transition from the heavily structured, arranged and written out Big Band style of Swing to the more fluid and improvisation style of Bebop. For example, Tommy Dorsey played with a beautiful tone and control on the trombone. BASIE popularized "pure" jazz through a "Big Band" Loops are played at 120 and 125 bpm. Modern big bands can be found playing all styles of jazz music. black jazz musicians developed an intense A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s. Swing band music was organized in homophonywhere two or more instruments played similar or complementary lines. (5) tromboneJoe Nanton, and (6) clarinetBarney Bigard. This would go back and forth a number of times. Count Basie became an Oklahoma City Blue Devil around 1929 and also played with Bennie Moten. This is where one section (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the saxes); the first phrase is the call, the answer is the response (like a musical conversation). Which of the following changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? grooves, click (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the . Kansas City was busy with musical activity from the early 1920s to about 1938. interacts with the bass and drums, and how the beat is divided up in complex Many musicians served in the military and toured with USO troupes at the front, with Glenn Miller losing his life while traveling between shows. [28] This development may take the form of improvised solos, written solo sections, and "shout choruses". In the fifties, the emergence of rock-and-roll would capture broad attention as jazz moved in new artistic directions. The 194244 musicians' strike worsened the situation. of many things they must think about while they are playing. The moral? II. Charlie Parkers album South of the Border illustrated the influence of this genre on a bop artist, and the Tokyo Cuban Boys, an Afro-Cuban band dating from the postWorld War II years, exemplified the musics international appeal. Pianist and vocalist Sarah Vaughan also influenced many singers. Paul Whiteman (18901967), called the King of Jazz, sought after talented top names for his band like Bing Crosby, Bix Beiderbecke, and Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey. Later, a fifth bass trombone was often added. "big band" backup, the most famous example, The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy from Apart from the star soloists, many musicians received low wages and would abandon the tour if bookings disappeared. (1937). hbbd``b`:$g@Hp,@,Fb 0 O3 The saxophone features a curved reed mouthpiece and a long brass tube that gradually expands before doubling back and bellowing outwards. As purely instrumental jazz A versatile instrument, the saxophone is swing musics version of the Holy Trinity (celery, bell peppers and onions) used in Gumbo. In the 1950s, Stan Kenton referred to his band's music as "progressive jazz", "modern", and "new music". * Beacon, 2002. The instrumental lineup of a big band will vary from ensemble to ensemble, but is typically composed of around 17 musicians, divided into four sections: five saxophones; four trombones; four trumpets; a rhythm section of piano, double bass and drums; Common additions might include guitar, french horn, tuba or a vocalist. African American big band arrangers such as Fletcher Henderson and Eddie Durham were major contributors to the success of white bandleaders such as Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, and Glen Miller. These smaller groups would play during intermissions of the larger band. Arrangers notated specific notes for each instrument to play in every measure on a written score. They provide the base, the foundation on which the rest of the music can thrive. The group emphasized correct technique and accurate playing and released its first recording in 1930. 3. the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band The music of Count Basie (19041984) represents a leading voice in the big band style. He received his BA in Political Science from the University of Chicago and an M.A. '20s," "HOT" JAZZ (of the Dave Brubeck Quartet that also featured alto saxophonist Paul DESMOND), They were assisted by a band full of talent: Coleman Hawkins on tenor saxophone, Louis Armstrong on cornet, and multi-instrumentalist Benny Carter, whose career lasted into the 1990s.[1]. When the trumpets and saxophones are combined in a musical accompaniment, they can lead a vibrant and multi-toned swing melody. Among all the jazz vocalists that followed, most cite her as having the most influence on their scatting style. Important New York figures of this time include Chick Webb, Jimmie Lunceford, and Duke Ellington. Kansas City, in particular, became a wide-open town totally ingrained in the entertainment business. Fitzgerald was unique in her ability to render exact imitations of nearly any instrument in the band. art form--a unique blending of West African and Western European/American By the end of the war, swing was giving way to less danceable music, such as bebop. A distinction is often made between so-called "hard bands", such as those of Count Basie and Tommy Dorsey, which emphasized quick hard-driving jump tunes, and "sweet bands", such as the Glenn Miller Orchestra and the Shep Fields Rippling Rhythm Orchestra,[41][42]. Goodmans clarinet playing was a combination of great wit, precise musicianship, beautiful subtleties, and never-ending swing. Typically the most prominent shows with the earliest time slots and largest audiences have bigger bands with horn sections while those in later time slots go with smaller, leaner ensembles. The International Sweethearts of Rhythm, the first multiethnic all-female swing band, formed in 1937 at Piney Woods County Life School, Mississippi. Goodmans band was the first to integrate black and white musicians. Company" vocal jazz ensemble performing a the Lincoln Center in New York His pioneering vocal style, which treated his voice as an instrument, provided the foundation for vocal jazz interpretation. Jazz began in New Orleans in the Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and _________________. [30], Some big ensembles, like King Oliver's, played music that was half-arranged, half-improvised, often relying on head arrangements. Kenton pushed the boundaries of big bands by combining clashing elements and by hiring arrangers whose ideas about music conflicted. The bands led by Helen Lewis, Ben Bernie, and Roger Wolfe Kahn's band were filmed by Lee de Forest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process in 1925, in three short films which are in the Library of Congress film collection. The Double Bass is shaped like other string instruments such as the guitar or violin. 1930s, jazz expanded into a "Big Band" phenomenon with Duke Ellington Swing Shift: All Girl Bands of the 1940s. :vQxc!#\JK?1UshqkF~[!eO W,{(HBjkps~'O;5lR. Bridging the gap to white audiences in the mid-1930s was the Casa Loma Orchestra and Benny Goodman's early band. Western swing musicians also formed popular big bands during the same period. Print, p. 226, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Ellingtonians salute swing era clarinets", Discography of American Historical Recordings: Charles Magnante's Accordion Quartette with guitar and string bass on uscb.edu, "Leone Jump; Swing Low, Sweet Chariot; The Jazz Me Blues; Nursery Rhymes", Discography of American Historical Recordings- John Serrapica (aka John Serry) as a member of the Charles Magnante Accordion Quartette with guitar and string bass on uscb.edu, "JazzTimes 10: Great Modern Big-Band Recordings", "Difference Between Music Composer & Arranger", "Composer Maria Schneider Returns, With A Reckoning, On 'Data Lords', "Billy Strayhorn's Lush Life Beyond Duke Ellington", "Big Band Arranging: for composers, orchestrators and arrangers: 16, Solos and Backgrounds", "Inside the Score in the 21st Century: Techniques for Contemporary Large Jazz Ensemble Composition", "1910s Pop Trend: The Ragtime Dance Craze", "George Robert Crosby Bandleader, Vocalist, Actor, Radio/TV Host", "Sounds of Hot Jazz Stay Warm: Harry James Band to Play at the Mission", "Chapter 11. characterized by independent instrumental lines, massive harmonic dissonance, The Henderson band is considerably larger than most syncopated dance bands of the 1920s (eight or nine musicians). Swing as Popular Music 1. The successful bands of the Swing Era featured carefully composed arrangements that held many talented players together. Stream Jazz" by combining a jazz combo with symphony orchestra. So generally the pianist played very rhythmically, and helped keep the beat. The rhythm section would typically include piano, string bass, drum set, with occasional additions of guitar or other chordal/melody instruments. (Click on the titles of the pieces African American theaters and night clubs, the Apollo, the Savoy, and the Lafayette, became legendary for presenting jazz combos and orchestras. For this reason the pianists left hand generally just played chords on the beat; while his right hand built rhythmic patterns around chords and chord tone, and especially guide tone often just playing arpeggios or simple bluesy licks. Other research interests include African popular music and the use of oral history and photography in the study of culture. harmony. Duke Ellington wrote a song in 1931 titled It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing), and for a generation of music lovers those were words to live by. Here are the five most common swing band instruments, and how they commonly fit into swing music. Tenor saxophonist Lester Young (19091959) had a different approach than Hawkins and used a lighter tone. [33] During the 1930s, Count Basie's band often used head arrangements, as Basie said, "we just sort of start it off and the others fall in. techniques (from native African musical tradition in which a leader does a Some listeners feel that all swing bands sound alike but bandleaders wanted to be distinguished. Benny GOODMAN (1909-1986): Sing, Sing, Sing! (Change the second verb to the future progressive form.). Williams is considered one of the great jazz pianists and one of the greatest performers from Kansas City. featuring trumpeter Chet BAKER). Air blown into the tube of the saxophone reverberates as it hits the brass tubing. Jam Blues features a 12-bar blues pattern with each subsequent varied chorus The dance duo Vernon and Irene Castle popularized the foxtrot while accompanied by the Europe Society Orchestra led by James Reese Europe. freedom vs. chaos. [29], An arrangement's first chorus is sometimes preceded by an introduction, which may be as short as a few measures or may extend to a chorus of its own. [48][49][50] Big band remotes on the major radio networks spread the music from ballrooms and clubs across the country during the 1930s and 1940s, with remote broadcasts from jazz clubs continuing into the 1950s on NBC's Monitor. woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up So lets quickly take a look at all three genres: Lets dive into these characteristics of Swing Music a little deeper: