Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. There isnt enough research on the subject, with our world Under PR fewer votes are wasted as more peoples preferences are taken into account. Perhaps youve even made it yourself. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more women and minorities enter the ranks of committee and party leadership. Between facts and norms. This is a lesson from the tutorial, American Congress and you are encouraged to log A vast literature debates the efficacy of descriptive representation in legislatures. As graphical representations are exhibited through numerical figures, tables, or graphs, it usually involves fewer errors and mistakes. Moreover, to date, few minority legislators have been elected from districts that do not contain a high percentage of minority constituents. Weak coalition government:Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. Pros & Cons of Existential Counseling . Main Research Question. 3. (pp. Reisel, L. (2014). Minorities have endured many forms of social injustices. Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. This leaves lasting impacts, not only emotionally, but mentally and psychologically as well. The 114th Congress, which began in January 2015, had a historically large percentage of racial and ethnic minorities. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013). She went to law school after being denied admission to medical school because of her gender. There are a few different ways to look at this by taking a look at different minority groups and examining their struggles. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. Woocommerce Remove Product Attribute Programmatically, Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative Relatable. The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. Mutfak Gnlkleri Sibel'in Mutfa Ana Sayfa; Hakkmda; Bana Ulan; descriptive representation pros and cons. Discover the world's research Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 12411299. Proportional Representation Thirdly and lastly, I will outline the implications that descriptive and substantive representation have on MEM representatives and voters, and the lessons learnt from studying Ngo as a MEM political representative. These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. The chapter discusses the costs and benefits of descriptive representation under state feminism in the light of institutional variation and the fact of reasonable normative disagreement. Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London, eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0). Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). You might also like. State feminism and political representation. 3. View the institutional accounts that are providing access. In the achievement of this endeavour, first, I have examined the legislative initiatives of the NP in the period January 2012 - June . Proportional representation (PR) is an electoral system that tries to create a representative body that better reflects all of the citizens' interests in an electorate or voting district. Many advances in womens rights have been the result of womens greater engagement in politics and representation in the halls of government, especially since the founding of the National Organization for Women in 1966 and the National Womens Political Caucus (NWPC) in 1971. Subject materials can be evaluated with greater detail. Holst, C. (2014). therefore, it is used by various industries Ethics, 91, 431450. Quota problems: Combating the dangers of essentialism. Stetson, D., & Mazur, A. G. (1995). The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. The three worlds of welfare capitalism. The descriptive characteristics of a representative can lull voters into thinking their substantive interests are being represented even when this is not the case. The goal of a time restriction is to create a measurable outcome so that metrics can be in place. In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. Signs, 19(3), 630657. The representation of women in Australia: Meaning and make-believe. Because of such instances, today, many political representatives attempt to practice descriptive representation which promotes racial unity. They may sometimes also include analytic work (comparing factors "" see below). Equal opportunity and equal social outcome. While qualitative research may be hard to argue against because it involves numbers and tests, questions of the researchers motive and method often arise. It might be helpful to take a longer-term perspective here: rather than focusing on the absence of particular (small) groups in society in any given legislature, focus on persistent exclusion over several legislatures. Pearl Necklace for Women, 18K Gold Staion Neckalce Tin Cup Pearl Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. There are many different types of data presentation. Though the theory was that crime was around certain citys and remained stable within certain areas despite changes in the populations where certain people lived in the community. Comparative Analysis: Information can be compared in terms of graphical representation. Pros. Sound bar - Pros and Cons. Goodin, R. 2004. Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics. A., & Marmor, T. R. (1981). There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. In this way, it couldn't just be that distinctive individuals lived in the high-wrongdoing territories than in the low-wrongdoing zones. This forces the government to dissolve the coalition. The concept of representation. ), Has liberalism failed women? Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. Marion Maddox, Kais Al-momani, Niki N. N. Dados, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Leda Sutlovic, Toma Deelan, Danica Fink-Hafner, Jasminka Pesut, Centre for Peace and Social Justice Papers, The Institutional and Demographic Determinants of Latino Representation in State Legislatures, Legislative Oversight and the Substantive Representation of Black and Latino Interests in Congress, Women's Legislative Representation and Gender Equality: What Works in the Absence of a'Critical Mass', Quota Laws, Representation of Women and the Role of Civil Society Organizations, The Social and Political Forces Shaping Legislator-Constituent Relations: Expanding an Empirical Theory of Representation, Political Participation of Muslims in Australia, Citizen Panels and the Concept of Representation. Stella M. Rouse is assistant professor of government and politics at University of MarylandCollege Park. Discrimination has not fallen short in any way and continues to build barriers for many people of color. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. University of Neuchtel. Minow, M. (1991). On the relationship between gender democracy and gender equality in the EU. Democracy and the new separation of powers. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. 1. Inclusion and democracy. Inspection; Surface Mount; Test; Through-Hole; Menu Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Sociologist. Conducting a thorough survey relies on two things: willing participants and accurate data. Proportional representation is a complicated form of election. The extent to which a representative resembles those being represented. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Letters can be written to their representatives. Michele L. Swers is associate professor of government at Georgetown University. Representation: It ensures all the interests and views of the public are represented in the government. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. Vibert, F. (2007). The politics of presence. Democratic legitimacy. (Eds. Sex and social justice. In B. Grofman et al. Bigger or more populous countries, especially those that have many provinces or states and a diverse society need people to be represented adequately at all levels of governance. In recent decades, Congress has become much more descriptively representative of the United States. While this is an enormous step, indicative of progression, corrupt politicians many times can use such incentives to implement manipulative and unscrupulous tactics to gain support from minority groups. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Toggle navigation. If you are doing a comparison between two products, you might give one product an unfair advantage to get the desired results. The results apply to various other topics and departments, too. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. New York: Verso. For example, Patsy Mink (D-HI), the first Asian American woman elected to Congress, was the coauthor of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, Title IX of which prohibits sex discrimination in education. This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. Cambridge: Polity Press. Democracy and disagreement. People still have a voice. The expansion of minority and female representation still continues at a slow pace. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. 1. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. Lovenduski, J. This however has created an increase in of social anxiety among some people in American. In Atlanta, there are many places to go and sights to see such as: Cola-cola factory, Cabbage Patch Kids Factory, Under Ground Mall, the Zoo, Atlanta Braves Stadium, Six Flags Over Georgia, Stone Mountain Park, and the Atlanta Aquarium, are all in or near the city of Atlanta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. In: Danielsen, H., Jegerstedt, K., Muriaas, R., Ytre-Arne, B.